Texas law also recommends that you get vaccinations for livestock especially equines and others that have frequent contact with humans , domestic ferrets and wolf-dog hybrids.
Although vaccinated animals still need to be observed for rabies if they have potentially exposed a person due to the rare possibility that the vaccine was not effective in that animal , healthcare providers feel more confident with observing the animal for rabies rather than testing it if the animal has been previously vaccinated.
If you were to test an animal for rabies instead of observing it, the testing procedure requires euthanizing the animal and removing its head to submit to the laboratory for testing.
Although rabies incubation periods can range from days to years, the average is 3 to 8 weeks. In this case, if the incubation period is on the protracted end, the PEP may still work. The incubation period is not the same as the day observation period during which the animal is typically quarantined or confined for a dog, cat or domestic ferret that has bitten a person. After an animal is exposed to rabies and the virus has spread to its salivary glands, the animal may be able to shed or excrete the rabies virus in its saliva; this means that the animal is infectious.
Shedding occurs in the last stages of the disease. Clinical signs also appear in these last stages, followed closely by death. Dogs, cats and domestic ferrets with rabies may shed the rabies virus three to six days before they show clinical signs of rabies and only live for a few days after the clinical signs appear.
This is why it is so important to observe animals that have bitten or otherwise potentially exposed a person to rabies. The animal still could possibly be incubating rabies, but it could not have been at the point of transmitting the virus in its saliva. In most instances, rabies is fatal, and the testing of specimens is in the postmortem state.
However, there are some ways that physicians can have an antemortem test performed in humans. In either case, a proper specimen is needed e. Briefly, the specimen is set up for a fluorescent antibody test FAb in which specific rabies antibodies will attach to rabies antigens in tissue.
If the specimen is truly positive, the result is a fluorescent green microscopic view of rabies antigen. The FAb test is still the gold standard. However, there are more current and specific molecular-based rabies tests as well as more traditional classic tests e.
Here is a publication we co-authored that shows a typical laboratory testing scenario of this clinical rarity. While we welcome your comments, anyone who thinks they might have been exposed to rabies should contact a physician immediately and not wait for a response to an internet inquiry. Pamela J. Additionally, she has been an adjunct instructor for 16 years teaching veterinary medical terminology at Austin Community College and has done veterinary assistant training programs with the Texas Veterinary Medical Association.
Rodney E. Recently, Dr. He is a board-certified specialist in Virology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology. We are always looking for ways to improve customer experience on Elsevier. We would like to ask you for a moment of your time to fill in a short questionnaire, at the end of your visit.
When it reaches the brain, the virus multiplies rapidly and passes to the salivary glands. The animal begins to show signs of the disease.
The infected animal usually dies within 7 days of becoming sick. Rabies in the Americas external World Rabies Day. Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website.
You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. CDC is not responsible for Section compliance accessibility on other federal or private website. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. How is rabies transmitted? Minus Related Pages. Which animals carry rabies? The Path of the Rabies Virus. Rabies in the Americas external World Rabies Day.
Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Rabies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed Aug. Mayo Clinic; Elsevier Point of Care. Rabies vaccine information statements. Bennett JE, et al. Rabies Rhabdoviruses. Elsevier; Jameson JL, et al. Rabies and other rhabdovirus infections.
In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. McGraw Hill;
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