The Supreme Court rules that a Texas law prohibiting black people from voting in Democratic primaries is unconstitutional. Charles A. Lindbergh completes the first transatlantic flight, traversing the distance from New York to Paris in his monoplane, the Spirit of St.
Louis , in less than thirty-four hours. A year later, Amelia Earhart will become the first woman to make the flight.
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti are executed in Massachusetts for their alleged murder of a factory guard, despite protests that the two men had been unfairly prosecuted for their radical beliefs. Soon after, however, the government revokes all rights to oil-rich territories, generating fierce protest by American businessmen.
The United States recognizes new president Alvaro Obregon on the condition that he grant American firms subsoil rights. Under such pressure, the Mexican Supreme Court rules the law unconstitutional, returning all rights back to American companies. The Democratic Party nominates Alfred E. Smith for President and Joseph T. Robinson for vice president. A Catholic, Smith will have his loyalty questioned during the campaign as religious prejudice plays a key role in the election.
Richard E. Byrd begins the first leg of his flight to the South Pole in Antarctica. Reaching the pole in November, Byrd explores and studies the continent for the next twenty years. Named for its two principal authors, Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg and French foreign minister Aristide Briand, the pact outlaws war as a means to settle disputes, substituting diplomacy and world opinion for armed conflict.
Ultimately signed by 62 nations, the pact is more symbolic than practical, though Kellogg would win the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts the following year. Hoover wins the presidential election in an apparent landslide, electoral votes to Smith's In fact, the popular vote shows a much closer race, with 21,, for Hoover and 15,, for Smith.
Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. Roosevelt Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Help inform the discussion Support the Miller Center.
University of Virginia Miller Center. Breadcrumb U. August 3, Calvin Coolidge sworn in. September 15, Martial law and the KKK. December 6, Coolidge's first State of the Union. March 18, Soldiers' Bonus Bill passes. May 3, May 26, July 1, Parties nominate their candidates. August 30, September 18, Marines withdraw from Dominican Republic.
November 4, March 4, March 23, Coolidge's great-great-grandfather, also named John Coolidge, was an officer in the Revolutionary War. Coolidge attended Amherst College in Massachusetts, and later apprenticed at a law firm in Northampton. In , he was admitted to the bar, opening his own law office in In , Coolidge married Grace Anna Goodhue, a teacher at a school for the deaf. The two were nearly opposites: While Grace was talkative and social, Calvin was stoic and serious.
The marriage would prove to be very happy and successful over the coming decades. In , he won election to the Northampton City Council, and then to the offices of city solicitor and clerk of courts.
He went on to serve as mayor of Northampton before returning to the state legislature, this time serving in the Senate. After his election in January , Coolidge delivered a speech entitled Have Faith in Massachusetts, which summarized his philosophy of government. His reputation grew with the publication of his speeches. He was elected lieutenant governor and then governor in the race. In , many Boston policemen went on strike after the city's police commissioner tried to block their unionization with the American Federation of Labor.
His actions, while discouraging to supporters of organized labor, made Coolidge a favorite among the nation's conservatives, and laid the groundwork for his presidential run in After 10 ballots, Republican delegates settled on Senator Warren G.
Harding of Ohio as their presidential nominee in , and Coolidge was nominated as vice president. Harding and Coolidge beat opponents James M.
Cox and Franklin D. Roosevelt in a landslide, taking every state outside of the South. Coolidge was the first vice president to attend cabinet meetings, in addition to giving speeches and performing other official duties.
The Coolidges attended Washington parties, where guests remarked on the terse and quiet demeanor of "Silent Cal. On August 2, , President Harding died while traveling in California. He was sworn in by his father, who was a notary public. The Harding-Coolidge ticket won the election in a landslide and the men took office in March The differences served Coolidge well as he worked to clean up the corruption that had plagued the Harding administration.
He appointed a special counsel to investigate the Teapot Dome oil-lease scandal in which the U. Daugherty Coolidge ran for president in and won decisively over the Democratic candidate, U. Representative John W. Senator Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin. He cut taxes, limited government spending and stacked regulatory commissions with people sympathetic to business. Coolidge remained popular throughout his presidency.
The Roaring Twenties were a time of fast-paced social, cultural and technological changes, and many Americans lived boisterously and spent extravagantly. Women also voted, having won that right with the ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U. Constitution in Jazz music and Art Deco architecture flourished. Charles Lindbergh made his pioneering solo airplane flight across the Atlantic Ocean in More people owned automobiles and purchased mass-produced goods such as canned foods.
During this era of societal transformation, Coolidge served as a sort of father figure. The quiet, respectable and frugal president provided a comforting symbol of old-fashioned responsibility and virtue. Although many people believed that Coolidge could have won re-election in , he publicly announced his decision not to run on August 2, , in a simple note delivered to reporters at a press conference.
The physical strain of the job, as well as the death of his father and his youngest son, had depleted his energy and interest in another term. The Republican Party turned to Herbert Hoover , who had served as secretary of commerce under both Harding and Coolidge, as its candidate. After departing the White House , Coolidge retired to Northampton, where he occupied himself by writing his memoirs and contributing political commentary to magazines.
Less than a year after he left office, the U. Although Coolidge had received a great deal of credit for the prosperity of the s, he recognized that he bore some responsibility for the severe economic downturn. Start your free trial today.
But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. Grace Coolidge was an American first lady and the wife of Calvin Coolidge, the 30th president of the United States.
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