They are likely to trigger heavy side effects, including breast growth, depression and the risk of osteoporosis, among other things. In Germany and other European countries, castration is based firmly on consent. It is administered to sex offenders on a voluntary basis. Drive-attenuating chemical treatment alone is not sufficient, he adds — this is only one of the many therapeutic approaches to deal with sexual offenders. To employ drug treatment with a lot of side effects as a punishment is a "very, very problematic" idea, he warns, calling it questionable "from a medico-ethical perspective.
Individuals cannot be forced to undergo it, but if they are offered some freedom, they are more likely to "volunteer," he added. In the UK and Germany, for example, prisoners have admitted to opting for the treatment if they felt it might reduce their prison time or help secure them early parole.
However: "Chemical castration should not be a substitute for reforming the prison system," warns Thomas Douglas, a professor of applied philosophy at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Applied Ethics.
He advocates for rehabilitation programs for offenders and their reintegration into society. Europe has employed both surgical and "chemical castration" in the past and present — but only for certain aggressive, violent sexual offenders.
The Czech Republic is the only country to currently take the surgical route, where the gonads are removed through an incision in the body. The number of sex offenders opting for surgical castration is small, Liskova stressed: "It is a tiny number of men, and they opt for it voluntarily," she said. She pointed to studies in the Czech Republic, where only four in sex offenders who had been surgically castrated later offended again.
Until , Germany, too, offered sexual offenders the option of surgical castration. But the practice was abolished in response to criticism from the Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Punishment.
At present, Germany offers "chemical castration" as an option in forensic psychiatric settings — for sex offenders who are mentally ill and dangerous and are housed in high-security hospitals. Germany has no statistical evidence proving that the treatment definitely reduces the chance of reoffending.
If a pedophile takes part in a 'chemical castration' program, his fantasies won't change. They may not be as frequent, but they still exist," he told DW. Learn More. For the first time in Asia, in July , Korea introduced using chemical castration on sexual offenders. Under the current law, perpetrators of sexual crimes against minors aged less than 16 yr are subject to chemical castration. There have been growing calls for tougher punishment against sexual offenders and stronger preventive measures in the aftermath of a series of violent crimes victimizing women and children.
Recently, a Cabinet meeting approved a revised bill, under which Korea will expand chemical castration to include those convicted of sexual crimes against minors under age 19, and retroactively apply the laws governing sexual offender personal information disclosure. Using hormonal drugs to reduce sexual violence recidivism is known as chemical castration. The first reported attempt of hormonal manipulation to reduce pathological sexual behavior occurred in , when diethylstilbestrol was prescribed to lower testosterone levels 1.
Medroxyprogesterone acetate and cyproterone acetate have been used throughout the United States, Canada, and some European countries to diminish sexual fantasies and sexual impulses in sexual offenders 2. A more recent and promising development in the treatment of paraphilias is using luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LHRH agonists such as leuprolide acetate and goserelin.
In , California became the first state in the United States to authorize the use of either chemical or surgical castration for certain sexual offenders who were being released from prison into the community. This legislation was extremely controversial at the time 3 ; however, eight additional states have subsequently passed laws that provide some form of castration for sexual offenders under consideration for parole or probation.
Currently, similar debates on the legislation and expansion of chemical castration have taken place in Korea. Testosterone is the major hormone associated with libido and sexual function, and several studies have reported that violent sexual offenders have higher levels of androgens than do nonviolent comparison groups and androgen levels correlate positively with both prior violence and the severity of sexual aggression 4 - 6. However, a clear cause-and-effect relationship between testosterone levels and sexual offending remains uncertain 7.
Nevertheless, various comprehensive theories of sexual offending have incorporated hormonal factors despite surprisingly little evidence 8 , and both surgical and chemical castration undoubtedly reduce sexual interest, sexual performance, and sexual reoffending 9. Chemical castration using LHRH agonists reduces circulating testosterone to very low levels, and also results in very low levels of recidivism despite the strong psychological factors that contribute to sexual offending Chemical castration has some advantages over surgical castration.
First, although chemical castration is potentially life-long for some offenders, it might allow sexual offenders to have normal sexual activity in context with psychotherapy. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Cookie Duration Description IDE 1 year 24 days Used by Google DoubleClick and stores information about how the user uses the website and any other advertisement before visiting the website.
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Go to:. The aim of these drugs is to stop the growth of the Tumour. LHRH agonists. This is known as a Flare. When testosterone levels increase before decreasing as a result of hormonal drug therapy with LHRH agonist drugs. LHRH antagonists. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Accept Reject Read More. Manage consent. Close Privacy Overview This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website.
Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. He posted a video on Instagram and told his followers that Joe had always done right by his children. Ex-Justice Minister Phillip Lee was reported to have asked officials to look at ways of increasing the use chemical castration. The practising GP wanted to use "an evidence-based approach" to make offenders safe enough to release into society, the Express reported.
It apparently followed the John Worboys scandal in which the High Court had to overturn a decision to grant the convicted paedophile parole. It raised fears other rapists and sex offenders - 1, of whom are on indeterminate sentences - could be released while they still pose a threat.. Chemical castration was originally introduced in the UK in by former Home Secretary John Reid and has had limited use since. Currently around serious sexual offenders are understood to be on the treatment voluntarily but department officials have said that it could be increased more than tenfold to 1, A record number of paedophiles were chemically castrated in UK prisons last year, the Sun reported in March
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